Microbial Metabolism
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TCA
cycle functions in _____________.
a. catabolic
reactions
b. anabolic
reactions
c. amphibolic reactions
d. none
of these
Entner-Doudoroff
pathway is found in _____________.
a. aerobic
prokaryotes
b. anaerobic
prokaryotes
c. both (a) and (b)
d. aerobic
eukaryotes
Anoxygenic
photosynthetic bacteria oxidize _____________.
a. water
b. oxgyen
c. sulfide
d. ammonia
Which
of the following(s) is/are the products of the light reactions of
photosynthesis?
a. ATP
only
b. NADPH
only
c. ATP
and O2 only
d. ATP, NADPH, and O2
Which
of the following catalyze liberation of orthophosphate from organic P compounds
and inorganic pyrophosphate?
a. Alkaline phosphates
b. Oxidoreductase
c. Protease
d. Hydrogenase
For
each glucose molecule broken down, there are ______________ number of reduced
coenzymes to be oxidized.
a. 12
b. 8
c. 6
d. 4
As
the electron flow through the chains, much of their free energy is conserved in
the form of ATP. This process is called _____________.
a. oxidative phosphorylation
b. electromotive
potential
c. dehydrogenations
Digestive
reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones are referred
as _____________.
a. anabolism
b. catabolism
c. metabolism
d. biosynthesis
Phosphate
regulation has been observed in the production of _____________.
a. alkaloids
b. antibiotics
c. gibberelins
d. all of these
Most
of the energy in aerobic respiration of glucose is captured by _____________.
a. substrate-level
phosphorylation
b. electron transport of electrons from NADH
c. long-chain
fatty acid oxidation
d. the
enzyme formic-hydrogen lyase
During
the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle, phosphoglyceric acid is reduced to ____________
utilizing ____________ as the reduction source.
a. phosphoglyceraldehyde; NADPH+H+
b. phosphoglyceraldehyde;
NADH+H+
c. ribulose
1,5 - bisphosphate; NADH+H+
d. pyruvic
acid; NADPH+H+
In
order to get inorganic phosphorous into organic compounds, the phosphate ion is
incorporated via _____________.
a. substrate
level phosphorylation
b. oxidative
phosphorylation
c. both (a) and (b)
d. DNA
The
phosphate inhibition in the clavine formation with Claviceps SD58, can be
counteracted by the addition of _____________.
a. alanine
b. methionine
c. tryptophan
d. lysine
The
major route for incorporation of ammonia (NH4+) into
organic compounds is via _____________.
a. reduction of pyruvate or
alpha-ketoglutarate by enzymes
b. atmospheric
nitrogen fixation
c. oxidation
of pyruvate
d. all
of these
The
specific enzyme/(s) of the glyoxylate cycle is/are _____________.
a. isocitrate
lyase
b. malate
synthase
c. both (a) and (b)
d. anaplerotic
If ∆G
of a chemical reaction has a negative value, the reaction _____________.
a. releases energy
b. requires
energy
c. both
(a) and (b)
d. none
of these
The
catabolic reaction, pentose-phosphate exists in _____________.
a. prokaryotic
cells
b. eukaryotic
cells
c. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both
d. none
of these
Entner
- Doudoroff pathway is not found in _____________.
a. aerobic
prokaryotes
b. anaerobic
prokaryotes
c. Both
(a) and (b)
d. eukaryotes
Aerobic
catabolism of glucose yields how much energy (ATP synthesized) relative to
glucose fermentation?
a. Slightly
less
b. About
the same
c. Twice
as much
d. More than 10 times as much
The
bacteriochlorophylls used by the anoxygenic bacteria have absorbance maxima
located in the ___________ portion(s) of the spectrum.
a. green
b. blue
c. ultraviolet
d. infrared
The
relationship between an oxidation-reduction potential difference and the
standard free energy change is (where n is the number of moles of electron
transferred, F= Faraday's constant and E°= standard oxidation-reduction
potential difference) _____________.
a. ∆G° = -nFE°
b. ∆G°
= nFE°
c. ∆G°
= -nFlnE°
d. ∆G°
= nFlnE°
ATPase
_____________.
a. synthesizes
ATP, coupled to transfer of extracellular protons into the cell
b. extrudes
protons from the cell coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
c. is
the enzyme that incorporates ATP into messenger RNA
d. carries out each of the reactions
indicated in (a) and (b)
Which
of the following is responsible for phosphate solubilization?
a. Streptococcus
b. Streptomyces
c. Bacillus
d. Clostridium
Phosphate
deregulated mutants are _____________.
a. less sensitive to phosphate regulation
b. moderately
sensitive to phosphate regulation
c. highly
sensitive to phosphate regulation
d. none
of these
The
mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion require _____________.
a. metabolic energy
b. concentration
of solute against an electrochemical gradient
c. accumulation
of solute against an electrochemical gradient
d. accumulation
or concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
Nitrogen
fixation is a process that requires _____________.
a. energy
b. an anaerobic
environment
c. both (a) and (b)
d. an
aerobic environment
Bacteriochlorophyll
differs from chlorophyll in what way?
a. The
chelated metal in bacteriochlorophyll is not Mg
b. There
are chemical differences between the two chlorophyll in their side (R) groups
c. They
have different absorption spectra
d. Both (b) and (c)
Radioisotopes
are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of E. coli is grown
in a culture medium containing radioactive sulphur. At the end of 48 hours, it
is expected to find the radioactive label located in _____________.
a. DNA
b. enzymes
c. RNA