Wednesday, 18 November 2015

Viruses from Animal and Plants

Viruses from Animal and Plants

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What does the positive strand in double stranded RNA viruses stands for?

a. tRNA
b. rRNA
c. None of these
d. mRNA

Which of the following characteristics would not be used to classify viruses?

a. Symmetry
b. Presence of an envelope
c. Type of nucleic acid
d. Type of cell wall structure

Interanuclear inclusion bodies are found in cells infected with ____________.

a. Herpesviruses
b. Parvoviruses
c. Adenoviruses
d. all of these

What can be coated to the plastic dish if an ELISA is performed to directly detect polio virus?

a. Polio capsid protein
b. Colored substrate
c. Anti-polio antibody
d. Patient serum

Influenza virus undergoes antigenic shift resulting in major antigenic changes by which of the following mechanisms?

a. Reassortment of RNA segments from different influenza viruses
b. Expression of several different capsule types
c. Somatic recombination of heavy and light chains
d. Changing the receptor binding canyon that docks with the host receptor

The nucleocapsid is covered by an outer membrane like structure called ____________.

a. covering
b. envelope
c. membronocapsid
d. all of these

Animal viruses with capsids displaying helical symmetry include ____________.

a. influenza
b. measles and mumps
c. rabies
d. all of these

Icosahedral viruses are generally ____________.

a. polio viruses
b. adeno viruses
c. both (a) and (b)
d. none of these

Which type of interferon is produced by virus-infected cells?

a. α
b. β
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these

Fluorescence microscopy can be used for the diagnosis of ____________.

a. Rabies
b. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
c. Herpes simplex encephalitis
d. All of these

Viral matrix proteins are ____________.

a. anchor the envelope of enveloped viruses
b. part of the nucleoprotein core of viruses
c. found mainly on naked viruses
d. exposed on the surface of the virus

Mumps vaccine is prepared from the cultures of ____________.

a. African green monkey cells
b. chick fibroblasts
c. sheep
d. healthy calves

The microbes which are most likely to be completely dependent on a plant or animal host are ____________.

a. bacteria
b. viruses        
c. algae
d. fungi

The two major components of viruses are ____________.

a. fat and carbohydrate
b. fat and protein
c. carbohydrate and nucleic acid
d. nucleic acid and protein

West Nile virus can cause a disease in human beings that may be transmitted from an infected bird to a person by a mosquito. This is an example of ____________.

a. nosocomial infection
b. endogenous infection
c. fomite borne disease
d. arthropod borne disease

The reovirus and influenza virus contain ____________.

a. 5 different segments of dsRNA and 7 different segments of ssRNA respectively
b. 7 different segments of dsRNA and 5different segments of ssRNA respectively
c. 8 different segments of dsRNA and 10 different segments of ssRNA respectively
d. 10 different segments of dsRNA and 8 different segments of ssRNA respectively

Which type of interferon is produced by T lymphocytes?

a. α
b. β
c. ?
d. ? and β

Transfer of infection from cell to cell occurs mainly by direct transfer of virions via ____________.

a. cytodesmata
b. plasmodesmata
c. protodesmata
d. none of these

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found in cells infected with ____________.

a. Fowlpox virus
b. Vaccinia virus
c. Rabies virus
d. all of these

What is the function of positive strand in double stranded RNA viruses?

a. Production of ribosomes
b. Synthesis of protein
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these

Negative strand ssRNA viruses need to have a preformed replicase when they invade a mammalian cell because they ____________.

a. use it to terminate transcripts when they copy host cell mRNA
b. use it to modify host enzymes that are recruited for viral replication
c. have to make a positive strand copy that can be translated
d. none of the above

The tissue structure deteriorates as the virus multiplies. This deterioration is called ____________.

a. protopathic effect
b. cytopathic effect
c. aneuploidy
d. none of these

The RNA sarcoma viruses, the most strongly transforming viruses may transform which of the following cells in a culture?

a. iris epithelial
b. myoblasts
c. fibroblasts
d. all of these

Plant viruses penetrate host cells through transient ores called ____________.

a. protodesmata
b. cytodesmata
c. endodesmata
d. ectodesmata

Which of the following reflects the correct order of events that take place during the multiplication of a virus?

a. Attachment, release, biosynthesis, maturation, penetration
b. Attachment, penetration, maturation, biosynthesis, release
c. Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
d. Penetration, attachment, biosynthesis, maturation, release

The transcription of the viral nucleic acid into mRNA is not necessary in case of ____________.

a. ds DNA viruses
b. RNA viruses
c. ss DNA viruses
d. all of these

Which of the following virus is transmitted by the respiratory route?

a. Measles virus
b. Coronavirus
c. Rhinovirus
d. All of these

The structural abnormality of cells is termed as ____________.

a. metastasis
b. hyperplasia
c. anaplasia
d. all of these

The penetration of animal viruses into attached cells occur by mechanisms consisting of engulfment of whole virions by the cells in a phagocytic process called ____________.

a. vivopexis
b. vitropexis     
c. ectodesmata
d. viropexis

Viropexis takes place in the phagocytic vacuoles and is due to the action of enzymes ____________.

a. lysosomal protease
b. DNA gyrase
c. lysosomal lipase
d. all of these

Negri bodies are found in cells infected with ____________.

a. Rabies virus
b. Vaccinia virus
c. Paramyxoviruses
d. Fowlpox virus

The uncontrolled proliferation of cells is termed as ____________.

a. anaplasia
b. metastasis
c. hyperplasia
d. all of these

Which of the following virus is transmitted by genital route?

a. Hepatitis B virus
b. Herpes simplex virus type 2
c. Papillomaviruses
d. All of these

The predominant lipid substance found in the viral envelope is ____________.

a. neutral fat
b. glycolipids
c. phospholipids
d. all of these

Supercoiling refers to the extra turns in the structure of ds DNA due to the action of ____________.

a. RNA pyrase
b. DNA pyrase
c. DNA gyrase
d. RNA gyrase
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