Energy Release and Conservation
:: Home > Microbiology > Energy Release and Conservation
|
The
enzymes for glycolysis are located _____________.
a. on
the inner surface of the cell membrane
b. on
the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
c. on
the outer membrane of the chloroplast
d.
in the cytoplasm
The
amount of energy (cal/mole) in an ATP molecule produced by a cell from glucose
by fermentation is _____________.
a.
greater than aerobic metabolism
b. less
than aerobic metabolism
c.
exactly or approximately equal to aerobic metabolism
d. none
of the above
In
lactic acid fermentation, the final electron acceptor would be _____________.
a.
fructose
b.
pyruvate
c.
glucose
d.
acetyl-CoA
The
final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is _____________.
a. CoQ
b. a
cytochrome
c. FMN
d.
oxygen
In
glycolysis, ATP is created by _____________.
a.
photophosphorylation
b. the
chemiosmotic mechanism
c.
substrate level phosphorylation
d. the
pentose phosphate pathway
Organisms
can synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation when they _____________.
a.
ferment
b.
oxidize glucose to pyruvate
c. pass
electrons from the oxidation of chlorophyll through an electron transport
system
d.
pass electrons to oxygen through an electron transport system containing
cytochromes
Suppose
a eukaryotic cell had a mutation that prevented the production of cytochrome c.
As a result of this mutation, which of the following processes would not occur?
a.
Cellular respiration
b. Photosynthesis
c.
Mitosis
d. Cell
wall synthesis
In
cellular metabolism, O2 is used _____________.
a. to
provide electrons for photophosphorylation
b. in
glycolysis
c.
as a terminal electron acceptor
d. in
the Krebs cycle
Which
of the following best explains about the usefulness of the production of
ethanol in yeast cells under anaerobic conditions?
a.
Ethanol keeps the electron transport system functioning
b.
Yeast would be unable to activate the enzymes of the Krebs cycle without
ethanol
c. The
process generates oxygen, which is required for glycolysis
d.
The process regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis
How
many molecules of carbon dioxide will be given off during ten turns of the
Krebs cycle?
a. 10
b.
20
c. 30
d. 40
Glucose
can be broken down to pyruvate by _____________.
a.
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
b.
tricarboxylic acid cycle
c. both
(a) and (b)
d. none
of these
Which
of the following is accomplished in chemiosmosis?
a. The
oxidation of ATP
b. The
oxidation of water
c.
The oxidation of NADH
d. The
oxidation of CO2
A
yeast or fungal cell produces how many net ATP molecules per molecule of
glucose when completely oxidized?
a. 32
b. 34
c.
36
d. 38
The
amount of ATP that can be obtained by complete oxidation of a glucose by a
bacterium is _____________.
a.
greater than by a yeast cell
b.
lesser than by a yeast cell
c.
exactly or approximately equal to by a yeast cell
d. none
of these
How
many oxygen molecules are required in the fermentation of one molecule of
glucose to ethanol and CO2?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 36
Most
bacterial fermentations yield how many net ATP molecules per molecule of
glucose?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
Before
most molecules can enter the Krebs citric acid cycle, they must be converted to
_____________.
a.
citric acid
b.
oxaloacetic acid
c. NADH
or FADH
d.
acetyl-CoA
The
amount of ATP produced by a cell from glucose when metabolizing it by
fermentation means is _____________.
a.
greater than by aerobic metabolism
b.
lesser than by aerobic metabolism
c.
exactly or approximately equal to by aerobic metabolism
d. none
of these
Aerobic
respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in which of the following
respects?
a.
Anaerobic respiration is glycolysis
b.
Aerobic respiration requires the electron transport chain
c.
The final electron acceptors are different
d.
Aerobic respiration produces less ATP
For
each pair of electrons passing from NADH located inside the mitochondria to
oxygen, how many ATP molecules can be generated?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Which
one of the following is produced in the greatest numbers during one turn of the
Krebs cycle?
a.
NADH
b.
Acetyl-CoA
c.
FADH2
d. ATP
Which
one of the following is not produced in any of the steps of glycolysis?
a.
NAD+
b. NADH
c. ADP
d. ATP
The
enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle are found in which
subcellular organelle of eukaryotes?
a.
Mitochondrion
b.
Chloroplast
c.
Ribosome
d.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fatty
acids are oxidized to acetyl-CoA by which of the following pathways?
a.
ß-oxidation
b.
Entner-Doudoroff
c.
pentose phosphate pathway
d.
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
The
number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule by a bacterium
producing lactic acid is _____________.
a.
greater than producing ethanol
b.
lesser than producing ethanol
c.
approximately equal to producing ethanol
d. none
of these
In
anaerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor can be _____________.
a.
oxygen
b.
nitrate
c.
pyruvate
d.
acetyl-CoA
Which
of the following is the most complete definition of fermentation?
a.
Oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors
b.
Complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and HO2
c.
Production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation
d.
Production of ethyl alcohol from glucose